COVID 19 an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Symptoms of COVID-19 can vary, but often include fever,(7) fatigue, cough, difficulty breathing, loss of smell, and loss of taste.(8)(9)(10) Symptoms begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least one-third of those infected do not develop noticeable symptoms.(11)(12) Among those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be considered sick, most (81%) have mild or moderate symptoms (no more than mild pneumonia), while 14% have severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement, imaging shock, or multiorgan insufficiency develops) dysfunction).(13) Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications lead to death. Some people experience many effects for months or years after infection (long COVID), and organ damage has been observed.(14) Long-term effects are being studied for several years.(15)
Transmission of COVID-19 occurs when infectious particles are inhaled or come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is greatest when people are close, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel long distances, especially indoors. Infection can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus. People remain contagious for 20 days and can spread the virus even if they are not showing symptoms.(16)
Test methods for COVID-19 to detect viral nucleic acid: real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),(17)(18) transcription-mediated amplification,(17)(18)(19) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (17)(17)(naopharynal18) swab. (20)
Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have launched mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantine, indoor ventilation, use of masks or blankets in public places, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, primary treatment continues to treat the disease with symptomatic, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.
